Research Guides: Primary Sources Research Guide: Find Primary Sources Online

General Archival Collections

Major Collections of Primary Sources

AM Explorer This link opens in a new window
Cross search of the Adam Matthew primary-source collections, spanning the social sciences and humanities from the 15th-21st centuries.
Amherst College Digital Collections This link opens in a new window
Open access repository for digitized archival collections from Amherst College Archives & Special Collections. Digitized images include photographs, manuscripts, books, and more.

Smithsonian Institution
Gallery of digitized collections held by the Smithsonian.

Making of the Modern World (1450-1914) This link opens in a new window
Primary source materials (including broadsides and pamphlets, serials, and monographs) tracing British and US economic history from 1450-1914.
Black Studies This link opens in a new window
This database combines multi-format primary and secondary sources, like historical Black newspapers, archival documents, government materials, videos, scholarly journals, essays and more.
Crime, Punishment and Popular Culture (1790-1920) This link opens in a new window
Two million pages of trial transcripts, police and forensic reports, detective novels, newspaper accounts, true crime literature, and related ephemera, focusing on nineteenth-century criminal history, law, literature, and justice.

Digital Transgender Archive
An online hub for digitized historical materials, born-digital materials, and information on archival holdings throughout the world. The DTA treats "transgender as a practice rather than an identity category in order to bring together a trans-historical and trans-cultural collection of materials related to trans-ing gender."
Disability History Museum
Sources associated with the cultural and social history of people with disabilities across the lifespan and diagnosis categories.
Documenting Ferguson
A community-sourced collection of "digital media captured and created by community members following the shooting death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, on August 9, 2014."
Free Speech Movement Digital Archive
The Free Speech Movement (FSM) Digital Archives document the Free Speech Movement (University of California, Berkeley, September-December 1964), as well as its origins in political protest and civil rights movements.
Freedom Summer Digital Archive
More than 25,000 pages from the Freedom Summer manuscripts, including "official records of organizations such as the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Congress of Racial Equality (CORE); the personal papers of movement leaders and activists such as Amzie Moore, Mary King and Howard Zinn, letters and diaries of northern college students who went South to volunteer for the summer; newsletters produced in Freedom Schools; racist propaganda, newspaper clippings, pamphlets and brochures, magazine articles, telephone call logs, candid snapshots, internal memos, press releases and much more."

Mass Observation Online This link opens in a new window
Primary-source collection containing original manuscript and typescript papers created and collected by the Mass Observation organization, as well as printed publications, photographs, and interactive features.
North American Indian Thought and Culture This link opens in a new window
Autobiographies, biographies, publications, oral histories, personal writings, photographs, drawings, and audio files of indigenous people from across North America.

A People's Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland
A collaboration between Cleveland residents and professional archivists, this site collects, preserves, and shares the stories, memories, and accounts of police violence as experienced or observed by Cleveland citizens.

Sixties: Primary Documents and Personal Narratives 1960-1974 This link opens in a new window
Diaries, letters, autobiographies and other memoirs, written and oral histories, manifestos, government documents, memorabilia, and scholarly commentary from the 1960s.

South Asian American Digital Archive
Archive of South Asian American history includes photographs, oral histories, correspondence, ads and more.
Umbra Search: African American History
Collection of over 400,000 digitized sources in African American history, from more than 1,000 libraries, museums and archives.

Collections organized by geographic region

Digital Commonwealth
Primary source documents from the collections of museums, libraries, and archives across Massachusetts.
dLOC: Digital Library of the Caribbean
Maps, oral histories, legal documents, books and other sources from and about the Caribbean and circum-Caribbean.
Digital Public Library of America
Catalog of public domain and openly licensed images and other digitized materials from archives, libraries, museums, and other U.S. cultural heritage institutions.
EuroDocs
Guide to digitized European collections organized by country. Covers the Medieval era to the present. From Harold Lee Library, Brigham Young University.

South Asia Archive This link opens in a new window
Fully searchable digital archive of documents ranging from the mid-18th to the mid-20th century.

Government Documents

American Presidency Project
Archives containing 109,388 documents related to the study of the Presidency, including executive orders, speeches, press conferences, and more.

Congressional Publications This link opens in a new window
Index to U.S. congressional material, some full text.

FBI Records: The Vault
Access FBI records made available under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room
Access reports from the CIA, made available under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).
Foreign Relations of the United States
The official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity.
National Security Archive Briefing Books
The National Security Archive's continually growing collection of Electronic Briefing Books (EBBs) provide timely online access to critical declassified records on issues including U.S. national security, foreign policy, diplomatic and military history, intelligence policy, and much more.

Vietnam War and American Foreign Policy (ProQuest History Vault) (1960-1975) This link opens in a new window
Collection of primary sources covering everything from early U.S. involvement in the region up to the final resolution of the war at the Paris Peace Talks and the evacuation of U.S. troops in 1973

Historical Newspapers

These databases have collections of newspapers published generally pre-1990, often digitized from print or microfilm. They are searchable, but be aware that the results won't be as accurate as born-digital newspapers.

Historical Newspapers (ProQuest) This link opens in a new window
Combined search of the historic Boston Globe, Chicago Defender, Chinese Newspapers Collection, Hartford Courant, Los Angeles Times, New York Amsterdam News, New York Times, South China Morning Post, Times of India, and Washington Post.
America's Historical Newspapers (1690-1980) This link opens in a new window
Searchable archive of American newspapers including Early American Newspapers (1690-1922) and Hispanic American Newspapers (1808-1980).
British Library Newspapers This link opens in a new window
Searchable archive of regional and local British newspapers published between the mid-eighteenth and mid-twentieth centuries.
African American Newspapers (Readex) (1827-1998) This link opens in a new window
Provides access to approximately 270 U.S. newspapers from more than 35 states and chronicles a century and a half of the African American experience.
African American Newspapers (History Commons) (1827-1902) This link opens in a new window
Starting with Freedom's Journal in 1827, the database will eventually contain all major African-American newspapers published in the U.S. during the 19th century.
Historical Chinese Newspapers (ProQuest) This link opens in a new window
English-language newspapers published in China; spans 1832-1953, with most content from 1910-1940.
Caribbean Newspapers (1718-1876) This link opens in a new window
Fully searchable digitized collection of 18th- and 19th-century Caribbean newspapers, including 66 titles from 22 islands
Latin American Newspapers (1805-1922) This link opens in a new window
More than 35 fully searchable newspapers published in Central and South America between 1805-1922.

Japan Times Digital Archive (1897-2014)
Japan’s oldest English language newspaper and the country’s only independent English-language newspaper today.

Middle Eastern and North African newspapers This link opens in a new window
Provides a 20th century historical and cultural perspective of countries in the Middle East and North Africa
Ethnic NewsWatch (1959 to present) This link opens in a new window
News and analysis from ethnic popular and scholarly publications.
Alternative Press Index (1969 to present) This link opens in a new window
Covers alternative, radical, and left periodicals, newspapers, and magazines.
Alt-PressWatch (1970 to present) This link opens in a new window
Full-text newspapers, magazines, and journals of the alternative and independent press.

Independent Voices
Newspapers and journals produced by feminists, dissident GIs, campus radicals, BIPOC advocates, LGBT activists, the extreme right-wing press and alternative literary magazines during the latter half of the 20th century.
Chronicling America (1860-1922)
Search or browse hundreds of newspapers through the Library of Congress National Digital Newspaper Program. Includes descriptions of papers, and images are downloadable.
Google News Archive (1800s to present)
Digitized and searchable U.S. and Canadian newspapers. Not at all comprehensive, but potential for excellent and historic coverage depending on title.

FBIS: Federal Broadcast Information Service Daily Reports (1974-1996) This link opens in a new window
News in translation (by the CIA) from radio, television, and newspapers around the world.

Historical Periodicals

Alternative Press Index (1969 to present) This link opens in a new window
Covers alternative, radical, and left periodicals, newspapers, and magazines.
American Antiquarian Society (AAS) Historical Periodicals Collection (1684-1912) This link opens in a new window
Comprehensive collection of early American periodicals, with coverage of advertising, health, women's issues, science, the history of slavery, religious issues, culture and the arts, and more.
American Periodicals (1740-1940) This link opens in a new window
Digitized reproductions of more than 1,100 18th and 19th century newspapers and periodicals.
British Periodicals This link opens in a new window
Searchable full text of hundreds of British periodicals from the late 17th century to the early 20th, with high-resolution facsimile page images.
HAPI: Hispanic American Periodicals Index (1970 to present) This link opens in a new window
Covers analyses of current political, economic, and social issues to unique coverage of Latin American arts.
Women's Magazine Archive This link opens in a new window
Searchable archive of leading women's interest magazines, dating from the 19th century through to the 21st.
Zasshi Kiji Sakuin Shusei Detabesu (1868 to present) This link opens in a new window
Index to periodical articles published in Japanese, including those in former Japanese colonies, and including local periodicals not present in many other indexes.

Historical Books and Pamphlets

Amherst College Digital Collections
Digitized manuscripts, books, art works, photographs, and other media from Amherst College Archives & Special Collections.
Chinese Philosophical EText Archive
Hosted by Wesleyan University, this online collection includes electronic versions of Chinese philosophical texts created by the Confucian Etext Project; electronic versions of Chinese philosophical texts from other sources; and information on and links to more information on the preparation and use of these texts.
Chinese Text Project
Focusing on pre-modern texts, open source digital library with over 20,000 titles

Early American Imprints, Series I, Evans (1639-1800) This link opens in a new window
Books, pamphlets, broadsides and other imprints listed in the renowned bibliography by Charles Evans.
Early American Imprints. Series II, Shaw-Shoemaker (1801-1819) This link opens in a new window
Books, pamphlets, broadsides and other imprints listed in the distinguished bibliography by Ralph R. Shaw and Richard H. Shoemaker.
EEBO: Early English Books Online (1473-1700) This link opens in a new window
Full text of over 125,000 titles listed in Pollard & Redgrave's Short-Title Catalogue (1475-1640), Wing's Short-Title Catalogue (1641-1700), and the Thomason Tracts (1640-1661).
Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO) (1701-1800) This link opens in a new window
Page images and full-text searching for more than 136,000 key English- and foreign-language titles printed in Great Britain during the 18th century, based on the English Short Title Catalogue.
Nineteenth Century Collections Online (NCCO) (1780-1925) This link opens in a new window
Full-text, searchable content from a broad range of 19th-century sources in literature, politics, theater, music, religion, maps, science, and childhood

Primeros Libros de las Américas
Digitized copies of first books printed in Mexico before 1601. These monographs represent the first printing in the New World.
Princeton Islamic Manuscripts Collection
Islamic manuscripts, chiefly bound paper codices, located in the Manuscripts Division of the Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, at the Harvey S. Firestone Memorial Library at Princeton.

Historical Video

C-SPAN Video Library
The Video Library records all three C-SPAN networks seven days a week, twenty-four hours a day. Search by keyword, name, or event (e.g., 2016 Presidential Debate)
Moving Image Archive - Internet Archive
Search across all of the Internet Archive's video collections.

Gateways to open-access primary source collections

Use these to find freely-available collections of primary sources.

Guide to Online Primary Sources
Organized by topic. Some of the resources are limited to UCSD library users, but there are many links to open access source collections.
World Digital Library
Significant primary sources from many countries and cultures.